Kwishishini lamandla ombane, ii-transformers zisebenza njengezinto ezibalulekileyo zokuhambisa nokusasaza umbane. Iindidi ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zee-transformers, ii-potential transformers (PTs) kunye nee-voltage transformers (VTs), zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokutshintshana kodwa zisebenza ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo.

Le posi yebhlog iza kujonga umahluko wobuchwephesha phakathi kwee-PT kunye nee-VT, igxile kulwakhiwo lwazo, usetyenziso, kunye neempawu zokusebenza kwiinkqubo zombane.

Yintoni iVoltage Transformer (VT)

I-voltage transformer (VT) luhlobo lwe-transformer eyenzelwe ukulinganisa i-voltage kwinkqubo yamandla ombane. Ii-VT zisetyenziswa kuzo zombini izicelo ze-voltage ephantsi nephezulu ukujonga ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuchanekileyo amanqanaba e-voltage kwisekethe. Ezi transformers zehlisa i-voltage ephezulu yesekethe yokuqala ziye kwinqanaba eliphantsi nelikhuselekileyo elifanelekileyo kwizixhobo zokulinganisa okanye ii-relay zokukhusela.

Ukujija okuphambili kwe-voltage transformer kuqhagamshelwe ngaxeshanye nesekethe elinganiswayo, ngelixa ukujija okuphambili kunika i-voltage output elinganayo. Umlinganiselo wokujika phakathi kwe-voltage yokuqala neyesibini umisela umlinganiselo we-voltage step-down.

Yintoni i-Potential Transformer (PT)

I-potential transformer (PT) ngokusisiseko sisixhobo esifanayo ne-voltage transformer. Amagama athi “potential transformer” kunye “voltage transformer” adla ngokusetyenziswa ngokutshintshana kushishino lwamandla ombane. Ii-PT zibalulekile ekulinganiseni nasekujongeni amanqanaba e-voltage kwiinkqubo ze-voltage eziphantsi neziphezulu.

Njengee-voltage transformers, ii-potential transformers zine-primary winding edityaniswe ngaxeshanye ne-circuit elinganiswayo kunye ne-secondary winding enika i-step-down voltage output. Oku kunciphisa i-voltage kuvumela ukulinganisa okukhuselekileyo nokufanelekileyo kunye nokubeka esweni iinkqubo ze-high voltage kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokulinganisa i-low voltage eziqhelekileyo.

Umahluko oPhambili phakathi kweeTransformers ezinokubakho kunye neeVoltage Transformers

Nangona ii-transformers ezinokubakho (ii-PT) kunye nee-voltage transformers (ii-VT) zombini ziintlobo zee-instrument transformers ezisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ii-voltages eziphezulu ukuya kumanqanaba anokulinganiswa, zinezahluko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ngokubhekiselele kumsebenzi, ukuchaneka, uyilo, kunye nokusetyenziswa.

itheko

Umsebenzi oyintloko we-potential transformer kukubonelela nge-scalled-down voltage output equivalent to the high voltage input, okuvumela ukulinganiswa okukhuselekileyo nokuchanekileyo kwe-high voltages kwiinkqubo zombane. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-voltage transformers zenzelwe ukubonelela nge-voltage output ehlukanisiweyo ngombane kwi-high voltage input, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zifaneleke ukuxhasa ii-relay zokukhusela, iimitha, kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-low voltage.

ukuchaneka

Iitransformer ezinokubakho zenzelwe ukubonelela ngemilinganiselo ye-voltage echanekileyo kakhulu, ngesiqhelo ngeeklasi zokuchaneka eziqala kwi-0.1 ukuya kwi-1.0 ngokwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-IEC 61869-3. Kwelinye icala, iitransformer ze-voltage zibeka phambili ukwahlulwa kombane ngaphezu kokuchaneka kokulinganisa, kunye neeklasi zokuchaneka eziqhelekileyo eziqala kwi-1.0 ukuya kwi-3.0 ngokwe-IEC 61869-3.

Uyilo noKwakha

Iitransformer ezinokubakho zakhiwe ngee-cores zemagnethi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nee-windings ukunciphisa iimpazamo nokuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa kwe-voltage echanekileyo. Zihlala zine-windings ezininzi zesibini ukubonelela ngee-voltage ratios ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwenza kube lula ukunxibelelana nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iitransformer ze-voltage zinoyilo olulula olujolise ekuboneleleni ngokwahlukana kombane okuthembekileyo. Zisenokuba ne-winding enye yesibini kwaye zakhiwe ngezinto zokukhusela ezifanelekileyo kwinqanaba le-voltage elicetywayo.

izicelo

Ngenxa yokuchaneka kwazo okuphezulu, ii-transformers ezinokubakho zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zokulinganisa, ezifana nokulinganisa amandla kwizikhululo zamandla, kwizikhululo zamandla, nakwizakhiwo zoshishino. Zibonelela ngemilinganiselo echanekileyo ye-voltage yokuhlawula, ukujonga umthwalo, kunye nohlalutyo lomgangatho wamandla. Ii-transformers ze-voltage, ngokugxininisa ekuhlukanisweni kombane, zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwizicelo zokukhusela, apho zibonelela ngemiqondiso ye-voltage kwizixhobo zokukhusela ezifana nee-overcurrent relay, ii-distance relay, kunye nezicwangciso zokukhusela ezisekelwe kwi-voltage, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kweenkqubo zombane.

Ukufana Phakathi kweeTransformers ezinokubakho kunye neeTransformers zeVoltage

Zombini ZiiTransformers

Kwisiseko sazo, ii-potential transformers (PTs) kunye nee-voltage transformers (VTs) zombini ziintlobo zee-transformers. Zisebenza ngokomgaqo we-electromagnetic induction, apho i-alternating current kwi-primary winding ibangela i-voltage elinganayo kwi-secondary winding. Oku kuzivumela ukuba zehlise ii-voltage eziphezulu ziye kumanqanaba aphantsi, alawulekayo afanelekileyo kwizixhobo zokulinganisa okanye ii-protective relay.

Umlinganiselo wombane

Ii-PT kunye nee-VT zenzelwe ukulinganisa i-voltage kwiinkqubo zombane. Zibonelela ngokubonakaliswa okuncitshisiweyo kwe-voltage yokuqala, okuvumela ukujonga ngokuchanekileyo kunye nohlalutyo lwamanqanaba e-voltage ngaphandle kokudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo izixhobo zokulinganisa kwiisekethe ze-voltage ephezulu.

Ukwahlukaniswa kunye noKhuseleko

Enye into efana kakhulu phakathi kwee-PT kunye nee-VT kukuba ziyakwazi ukubonelela ngokwahlukeneyo kunye nokukhusela. Uyilo lwe-transformer lwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni ii-windings eziphambili nezesibini, nto leyo eyenza umqobo wokukhusela. Olu hlukaniso lukhusela izixhobo zokulinganisa kunye nabasebenzi kwii-voltage eziphezulu ezikhoyo kwisekethe yokuqala. Ngokuhlukanisa isekethe yesibini, ii-PT kunye nee-VT zonyusa ukhuseleko kwaye zithintele umonakalo kwizixhobo ezinobuthathaka.

Uqhagamshelo lwesixhobo

Ii-PT kunye nee-VT zisebenza njengonxibelelwano phakathi kweenkqubo ze-high-voltage kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa okanye ii-relay zokukhusela. Zivumela ezi zixhobo ukuba ziqhagamshelwe kwisekethe yesibini ye-low-voltage, nto leyo evumela ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokubekwa esweni kweeparamitha zombane. Ukujija kwesibini kwe-transformer kubonelela ngendawo yokudibanisa ekhuselekileyo nefanelekileyo yezixhobo ezifana nee-voltmeter, ii-watt metres, kunye nee-relay, nto leyo eququzelela ukujonga nokulawula inkqubo ngokufanelekileyo.

Imilinganiselo emiselweyo

Zombini ii-PT kunye nee-VT ziyafumaneka kwii-voltage ratios ezimiselweyo. Ezi ratios zichaza ubudlelwane phakathi kwee-voltages eziphambili nezesibini. Ii-ratios eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-110V/√3:110V/√3 kunye ne-110V/√3:100V/√3. Ii-standard ratios ziqinisekisa ukuhambelana nezixhobo zokulinganisa kwaye zivumela ukulinganiswa kwe-voltage okulinganayo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zombane.