Mu makina ambiri a mafakitale, majenereta ndi ma transformer ali ngati zigawo ziwiri zosiyana koma zoyambira. Ngakhale kuti zonse zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu makina amagetsi, ntchito zawo zazikulu ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito zimawasiyanitsa.

Nkhani iyi ya pa blog ikufotokoza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa majenereta ndi ma transformer, pofufuza makhalidwe awo apadera, zigawo zake, ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Tidzapereka kumvetsetsa kwathunthu momwe makinawa amagwirira ntchito komanso kufunika kwawo m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Transformer ndi chiyani

Transformer ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chosasinthasintha chomwe chimasamutsa mphamvu zamagetsi pakati pa ma circuits awiri kapena angapo kudzera mu induction ya electromagnetic. Chimakhala ndi ma coil awiri kapena angapo a waya, otchedwa windings, ozunguliridwa ndi magnetic core wamba. Kuzungulira koyamba kumalumikizidwa ndi gwero la input voltage, pomwe kuzungulira kwachiwiri kumapereka voltage yosinthidwa ku katundu.

Ma transformer amagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo ya lamulo la Faraday la kulowetsa magetsi m'magetsi. Pamene mphamvu yosinthira ikuyenda kudzera mu kuzunguliza koyamba, imapanga mphamvu ya maginito yosinthasintha nthawi pakati. Mphamvu ya maginito iyi imayambitsa mphamvu ya electromotive (EMF) mu kuzunguliza kwachiwiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu. Chiŵerengero cha kusintha kwa magetsi chimadalira kuchuluka kwa ma turn mu kuzunguliza koyamba ndi kwachiwiri.

Ma transformer amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza kapena kutsitsa mphamvu ya magetsi m'makina amagetsi. Ma transformer okweza mphamvu amawonjezera mphamvu ya magetsi kuti azitha kutumiza magetsi mtunda wautali bwino, pomwe ma transformer otsika mphamvu amachepetsa mphamvu ya magetsi kuti agawidwe bwino komanso agwiritsidwe ntchito bwino. Amaperekanso mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma circuits ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofananiza mphamvu ya magetsi.

Kodi Jenereta N'chiyani?

Jenereta ndi makina amagetsi ozungulira omwe amasintha mphamvu ya makina kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Imagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo ya kulowetsedwa kwa maginito, mofanana ndi transformer. Komabe, pamene transformer imasamutsa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma circuits, jenereta imapanga mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera ku mphamvu ya makina.

Zigawo zazikulu za jenereta ndi rotor, yomwe ndi gawo lozungulira lokhala ndi ma windings, ndi stator, yomwe ndi gawo losasunthika lokhala ndi ma windings. Rotor imalumikizidwa ndi choyendetsa chachikulu, monga turbine ya nthunzi, turbine ya gasi, kapena injini ya dizilo, yomwe imapereka mphamvu yamakina yozungulira rotor.

Pamene rotor ikuzungulira, imapanga mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira yomwe imagwirizana ndi ma stator windings. Kuyanjana kumeneku kumayambitsa alternating current (AC) mu ma stator windings, omwe kenako amaperekedwa ku katundu wamagetsi. Kuchuluka kwa AC yopangidwa kumadalira liwiro la rotor ndi kuchuluka kwa maginito poles.

Majenereta amatha kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana kutengera kapangidwe kawo, njira yosonkhezera, ndi mawonekedwe a mafunde otuluka. Mitundu iwiri yayikulu ndi majenereta ogwirizana ndi majenereta osasinthasintha (omwe amadziwikanso kuti majenereta oyambitsa). Majenereta ogwirizana ali ndi rotor yokhala ndi mphamvu yamaginito yokhazikika ndipo amapanga kutulutsa kwa pafupipafupi kosasintha, pomwe majenereta osasinthasintha amadalira mfundo za kuyambitsa ndi kupanga kutulutsa kwa pafupipafupi kosinthika.

Majenereta amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo malo opangira magetsi, makina osungira mphamvu, majenereta onyamulika, ndi makina opangira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso monga ma turbine amphepo ndi malo opangira magetsi. Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga ndi kupereka mphamvu zamagetsi kuti akwaniritse zosowa za magetsi m'mafakitale, m'nyumba, komanso m'zipinda zomangidwa.

Kusiyana Kwakukulu Pakati pa Transformers ndi Generators

Ntchito Yoyambira

Ntchito yaikulu ya ma transformer ndi kusamutsa mphamvu zamagetsi pakati pa ma circuits awiri pamene akusintha mulingo wa voltage. Ma transformer amakweza kapena kutsitsa voltage ya AC popanda kusintha ma frequency.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, majenereta amasintha mphamvu ya makina kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu ya AC kapena DC kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndi ma frequency enaake.

zigawo

Ma transformer amakhala ndi ma coil awiri kapena kuposerapo a waya wotetezedwa (ma windings oyambira ndi achiwiri) ozunguliridwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi laminated. Pakati pake pamapereka njira ya maginito yolumikizirana pakati pa ma windings.

Koma majenereta ali ndi rotor (gawo lozungulira) ndi stator (gawo losakhazikika). Rotor ili ndi maginito okhazikika kapena maginito amagetsi, pomwe stator ili ndi ma armature windings.

Kutembenuka kwa Mphamvu

Ma transformer sasintha mphamvu kuchokera ku mtundu wina kupita ku wina. M'malo mwake, amasamutsa mphamvu zamagetsi pakati pa ma circuits pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya mutual induction.

Komabe, majenereta amasintha mphamvu ya makina (nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku chinthu chachikulu choyendetsa monga turbine) kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mu induction yamagetsi.

Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito

Ma transformer amagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo ya mutual induction. Pamene alternating current ikuyenda kudzera mu primary winding, imapanga kusintha kwa maginito pakati. Magnetic field iyi imayambitsa electromotive force (EMF) mu secondary winding, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zisinthe.

Majenereta amagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo ya kulowetsa mphamvu zamagetsi, komwe kuyenda pakati pa mphamvu ya maginito ndi kondakitala kumayambitsa EMF mu kondakitala, ndikupanga magetsi.

Kulemba / Kutuluka

Mphamvu yolowera ndi yotuluka ya ma transformer ndi yamagetsi, pomwe mphamvu yolowera ndi yamagetsi yoyamba ndi yamagetsi, ndipo mphamvu yotuluka ndi yamagetsi yachiwiri ndi yamagetsi. Kusintha kwa magetsi kumadalira chiŵerengero cha ma turns a ma windings.

Koma majenereta ali ndi mphamvu yamakina monga momwe amalowera (nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a rotational motion) ndi mphamvu yamagetsi monga momwe amatulutsira, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi ndi ma frequency zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe ndi liwiro la rotor.

mitundu

Ma transformer amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga ma transformer amphamvu , ma transformer ogawa, ma transformer a zida, ndi ma transformer odzipatula. Amatha kukhala a gawo limodzi kapena atatu, ndipo ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoziziritsira monga zoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya kapena zoviikidwa mu mafuta.

Majenereta alinso ndi mitundu ingapo, kuphatikizapo majenereta ogwirizana, majenereta oyambitsa magetsi, ndi majenereta okhazikika a maginito. Amatha kupanga mphamvu ya AC kapena DC ndipo amayendetsedwa ndi ma prime movers osiyanasiyana monga ma turbine a nthunzi, ma turbine a gasi, kapena ma turbine a hydroelectric.

Mapulogalamu

Ma transformer amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu njira zotumizira ndi kugawa mphamvu kuti asinthe kuchuluka kwa magetsi kuti azitha kutumiza bwino mtunda wautali komanso kuti azitha kugawa bwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu zipangizo zamagetsi, ma circuits olekanitsa magetsi, ndi njira zoyezera magetsi.

Majenereta ndiye gwero lalikulu la mphamvu zamagetsi m'mafakitale opanga magetsi, komanso m'makina osungira magetsi, majenereta onyamulika, ndi makina obwezeretsanso mphamvu monga ma turbine amphepo ndi zomera zamagetsi. Ndi ofunikira popanga magetsi omwe amayendetsa nyumba, mabizinesi, ndi mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi.