He wāhanga nui ngā whakawhiti hiko i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko, e āhei ai te tuku me te tohatoha hiko pai puta noa i ngā tawhiti whānui. Ahakoa he rerekē ngā momo me ngā whirihoranga o ngā whakawhiti hiko, e rua ngā wāhanga matua e tū motuhake ana: ko ngā whakawhiti hiko piki-whakarunga me ngā whakawhiti hiko heke-whakararo.

I roto i tēnei pou rangitaki, ka tūhuratia e mātou ngā rerekētanga taketake i waenga i ngā whakawhiti hiko piki-ake me ngā whakawhiti hiko heke-ake, me te ruku hohonu ki roto i ō rāua āhuatanga ahurei, ngā mātāpono mahi, me ngā tono noa i roto i te ao hangarau hiko.

Nga Huringa Whakawhiti

He aha ngā Huringa Whakaara-Whakarunga

Ko ngā whakawhiti hiko whakarunga he taputapu hiko i hangaia hei whakanui ake i ngā taumata ngaohiko mai i te takai tuatahi ki te takai tuarua.

enei nga kaihuri hiko he mea hanga mai i ngā koiri waea parahi kua whakamahanatia e rua e takai ana i te matua kotahi, ā, he maha atu ngā hurihanga o te koiri tuarua i te koiri tuatahi. Nā te nui ake o ngā hurihanga o te koiri tuarua ka taea e ngā whakawhiti hiko-whakaara te huri i te mana hiko iti-ngaohiko, teitei-auau ki te mana hiko iti-ngaohiko, teitei-auau, he mea tino pai mō te tuku hiko tawhiti.

Me pehea te mahi a nga Kaihuri Whakawhiti

Ko te mahi a ngā whakawhiti hiko-whakaara e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaupapa o te whakapūnga hikohiko. Ina whakamahia he aukume whakawhiti (AC) ki te takai tuatahi, ka hangaia he rerenga aukume i roto i te matua o te whakawhiti. Ka puta he kaha hikohiko (EMF) i roto i te takai tuarua i tēnei mara aukume hurihuri, ka puta he ngaohiko putanga e rite ana ki te ōwehenga o te maha o ngā takai i roto i te takai tuarua ki te takai tuatahi.

I roto i ngā whakawhiti hiko whakaneke-ake, he nui ake ngā hurihanga o te takai tuarua i te takai tuatahi, ā, ka hua ake he ngaohiko tuarua teitei ake i te ngaohiko tuatahi. Ko te ōwehenga o te maha o ngā hurihanga i roto i te takai tuarua ki te takai tuatahi e mōhiotia ana ko te ōwehenga hurihanga, e whakatau ana i te nui o te ngaohiko putanga. Hei tauira, mēnā he takai tuatahi me te 100 ngā hurihanga o te takai tuarua me te 1,000 ngā hurihanga o te takai tuatahi, ko te ōwehenga hurihanga he 10:1, ko te tikanga ka tekau ngā wā teitei ake te ngaohiko putanga i te ngaohiko tāuru.

Ko te whakawhiti ngaohiko i roto i te whakawhiti hiko-whakapiki e whai ana i tēnei tātai:

V_s / V_p = N_s / N_p

Kei hea:

• Ko V_s te ngaohiko tuarua (putanga)
• Ko V_p te ngaohiko tuatahi (whakauru)
• Ko N_s te maha o ngā takai i roto i te takai tuarua
• Ko N_p te maha o ngā hurihanga i roto i te takai tuatahi

I roto i te whakawhiti hiko whakaneke-whakapiki, he nui ake te maha o ngā hurihanga i roto i te takai tuarua (N_s) i te maha o ngā hurihanga i roto i te takai tuatahi (N_p). Nō reira, ka teitei ake te ngaohiko tuarua (V_s) i te ngaohiko tuatahi (V_p), ā, ka "whakapiki" i te ngaohiko.

He rite whakamuri te huringa iahiko i roto i te whakawhiti hiko whakaneke ki te huringa ngaohiko. E whai ana i tēnei tātai:

I_p / I_s = N_s / N_p

Kei hea:

• Ko I_p te auhiko tuatahi (whakauru)
• Ko I_s te iahiko tuarua (putanga)

I roto i te whakawhiti hiko whakarunga, i te pikinga o te ngaohiko mai i te takai tuatahi ki te takai tuarua, ka heke te iahiko. Nā te mea ka noho pūmau te mana (P) i roto i te whakawhiti hiko tino pai, ā, ko te mana te hua o te ngaohiko me te iahiko (P = V × I). Mēnā ka piki te ngaohiko, me heke te iahiko kia mau tonu te taumata mana.

Huringa-Raro Transformers

He aha ngā Huringa Whakaheke-Iho

A huringa takahanga-iho he momo whakawhiti hiko e huri ana i te mana ngaohiko teitei, iti-aukati hei mana ngaohiko iti, nui-aukati.

Ko ngā whakawhiti hiko whakaheke-heke he huinga koiri e rua, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā takai tuatahi me ngā takai tuarua, e takai ana i tētahi matua noa i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi aukume pēnei i te rino, te maitai rānei. Ka whiwhi te takai tuatahi i te tāuru ngaohiko teitei, ko te takai tuarua ia ka tuku i te putanga ngaohiko whakaiti.

Me pehea te mahi a nga Kaihuri Whakararo

Ko te kaupapa mahi o ngā whakawhiti hiko whakaheke-whakaheke e ahu mai ana i te ture a Faraday mō te whakapūngao hikohiko. Ina whakamahia he aukume whakawhiti (AC) ki te takai tuatahi, ka hangaia he rerenga aukume e huri haere ana i roto i te matua o te whakawhiti. Ka puta he kaha hikohiko (EMF) i roto i te takai tuarua i tēnei mara aukume e huri haere ana, ka puta he ngaohiko putanga e rite ana ki te ōwehenga o te maha o ngā hurihanga i roto i te koiri tuarua ki te maha o ngā hurihanga i roto i te koiri tuatahi.

I roto i te whakawhiti hiko whakaheke-iti, he iti ake ngā hurihanga o te takai tuarua i te takai tuatahi. Nō reira, he iti iho te ngaohiko whakaoho i roto i te koiri tuarua i te ngaohiko whakauru i tukuna ki te koiri tuatahi. Heoi, i runga anō i te ture tiaki pūngao, ka piki ake te iahiko i roto i te takai tuarua kia mau tonu ai te whakawhiti mana (me te whakaaro he whakawhiti hiko pai me te kore he mate).

Ngā Rerekētanga Matua i waenga i ngā Huringa Whakapiki-ā-Tau me ngā Huringa Whakaheke-ā-Tau

Huringa Ngaohiko

Kua hangaia ngā whakawhiti hiko whakarunga hei whakanui ake i te ngaohiko mai i te takai tuatahi ki te takai tuarua. Ka tutuki tēnei mā te nui ake o ngā takai i roto i te takai tuarua ki te whakaritea ki te takai tuatahi.

Ka whakaitihia e ngā whakawhiti hiko whakaheke-heke te ngaohiko mai i te takai tuatahi ki te takai tuarua mā te iti ake o ngā takai i roto i te koiri tuarua i tērā i roto i te koiri tuatahi.

Te Huringa o Nāianei

I roto i te whakawhiti hiko whakarunga, i te pikinga ake o te ngaohiko mai i te takai tuatahi ki te takai tuarua, ka heke ōrite te iahiko.

I roto i te whakawhiti hiko whakaheke-iho, i te hekenga o te ngaohiko mai i te takai tuatahi ki te takai tuarua, ka piki haere te iahiko i runga i te ōritetanga.

Tauwehenga Hurihanga

I roto i te whakawhiti hiko whakarunga, he nui ake te ōwehenga hurihanga i te 1, e tohu ana he nui ake ngā hurihanga o te takai tuarua i te takai tuatahi.

I roto i te whakawhiti hiko whakaheke-iho, he iti iho te ōwehenga hurihanga i te 1, e tohu ana he iti ake ngā hurihanga o te takai tuarua i te takai tuatahi.

hoahoa

Ko ngā whakawhiti hiko whakarunga he nui ake te rahi o te matua, ā, he nui ake ngā hurihanga i roto i te takai tuarua hei whakauru i te ngaohiko kua piki ake. Me whai rauemi whakamarumaru hoki me te kaha hiko-whakakore teitei ake hei ārai i te pakaru hiko.

He iti ake te rahi o te matua o ngā whakawhiti hiko whakaheke-whakaheke, ā, he iti ake ngā hurihanga i te takai tuarua. Tērā pea ka whakamahia he ine waea matotoru ake i te takai tuarua hei whakahaere i te pikinga o te iahiko.

Whakamahinga Tikanga

E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā whakawhiti hiko whakaneke-whakarunga i roto i ngā teihana whakaputa hiko hei whakanui ake i te ngaohiko o te hiko i whakaputaina i mua i te tukunga ki ngā tawhiti roa mā ngā raina tuku ngaohiko-tiketike.

Ko ngā whakawhiti hiko whakaheke-whakaheke, i tētahi atu taha, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whatunga tohatoha hiko hei whakaiti i te hiko ngaohiko teitei ki ngā taumata ngaohiko iti iho e tika ana mō ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga. He mea noa te kitea i roto i ngā teihana tohatoha hiko, ā, e whakamahia ana hei whakakaha i ngā kāinga, i ngā tari, me ngā taputapu ahumahi.

te kaha

He nui ake te whai huatanga o ngā whakawhiti hiko piki-ake i ngā whakawhiti hiko heke-ake. Nā te mea ka taea e te pikinga o te ngaohiko i roto i ngā whakawhiti hiko piki-ake te whakaiti i te rere o te iahiko, ka whakaiti i ngā mate parahi i roto i ngā takai.

Ahakoa he pai tonu te whai huatanga o ngā whakawhiti hiko whakaheke-iho, tera pea he iti ake te whai huatanga nā te pikinga o te rere o te iahiko i roto i te takai tuarua, ka nui ake ai ngā mate parahi.

Ariā Whāngai Whakamuri

Ahakoa he mea hanga ngā whakawhiti hiko piki-ake me te heke-iho mō ngā kaupapa motuhake, ka taea te whakahaere i a rātou i te taha whakamuri, e mōhiotia ana ko te whāngai whakamuri. I roto i tēnei whirihoranga, ka taea e te whakawhiti hiko piki-ake te mahi hei whakawhiti hiko heke-iho, me te taha whakamuri. Heoi, he iti noa ngā herenga me ngā mōrearea pea o tēnei mahi me āta whakaaro.

Ina whakahaerehia whakamuri, tērā pea kāore te hiko whakawhiti e mahi pai, ā, tērā pea ka ngoikore te whakahaere hiko. Heoi anō, ka taea e te whāngai whakamuri te arahi ki ngā āwangawanga haumaru me te kino pea ki te hiko whakawhiti, ki ngā taputapu hono rānei.

Hei whakarite i te haumaru me te whai hua o te mahi, e taunakihia ana kia whakamahia ngā whakawhiti hiko mō tā rātou kaupapa i whakaritea, ā, i roto i ngā whakatauranga ngaohiko me te iahiko kua tohua. Mena he rerekē te ōwehenga whakawhiti ngaohiko e hiahiatia ana e tētahi tono motuhake, he mea tika kia whakamahia he whakawhiti hiko i hangaia mō taua kaupapa, kaua e whakawhirinaki ki te whāngai whakamuri.

I ētahi wā, ka taea te whakamahi i te whāngai whakamuri i roto i ngā āhuatanga rangitahi, āhuatanga ohorere rānei, engari me mahi me te tūpato, me te ārahi hoki e ngā tohunga hiko whai tohu. Me whakatinana ngā mahi haumaru tika, pērā i te whakamahi i ngā fiusi tika, ngā whati ara iahiko, me ngā taputapu aroturuki, hei tiaki i te whakawhiti hiko me ngā taputapu hono mai i ngā kino pea.