Nyob rau hauv thaj chaw dav dav ntawm cov tshuab ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam, cov generators thiab transformers sawv cev rau ob qho khoom sib txawv tab sis tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov kab ke hluav taws xob, lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab cai ua haujlwm ua rau lawv sib txawv.

Tsab ntawv blog no piav qhia txog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov generators thiab transformers, tshawb nrhiav lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, cov khoom, thiab cov ntawv thov. Peb yuav muab kev nkag siab dav dav txog seb cov tshuab no ua haujlwm li cas thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam lag luam.

Dab tsi yog Transformer

Lub transformer yog ib lub cuab yeej hluav taws xob static uas xa lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm ob lossis ntau lub voj voog los ntawm kev siv electromagnetic induction. Nws muaj ob lossis ntau lub kauj hlau, hu ua windings, qhwv ib puag ncig lub hauv paus sib nqus. Lub winding thawj zaug txuas nrog lub qhov hluav taws xob nkag, thaum lub winding thib ob xa lub zog hloov pauv mus rau lub nra.

Cov transformers ua haujlwm raws li txoj cai ntawm Faraday txoj cai ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob. Thaum lub zog hluav taws xob hloov pauv hla lub winding thawj zaug, nws tsim lub zog sib nqus uas hloov pauv lub sijhawm hauv lub plawv. Lub zog sib nqus no ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob (EMF) hauv lub winding thib ob, uas ua rau muaj qhov hluav taws xob tso zis. Qhov piv ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob nyob ntawm tus lej ntawm kev tig hauv cov winding thawj zaug thiab thib ob.

Cov transformers siv los nce lossis txo qib voltage hauv cov tshuab fais fab. Cov transformers nce qib voltage kom xa tau hluav taws xob mus deb, thaum cov transformers txo qib voltage kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev faib tawm thiab siv. Lawv kuj muab kev cais hluav taws xob ntawm cov circuits thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev sib phim impedance.

Dab tsi yog Generator

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tig mus los uas hloov lub zog tshuab mus ua lub zog hluav taws xob. Nws ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob electromagnetic, zoo ib yam li lub transformer. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub transformer hloov lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov voj voog, lub generator tsim lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm lub zog tshuab.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj xws li lub rotor, uas yog ib feem tig nrog cov windings, thiab lub stator, uas yog ib feem ruaj khov nrog cov windings. Lub rotor txuas nrog lub tshuab txav mus los, xws li lub cav turbine, lub cav roj, lossis lub cav diesel, uas muab lub zog kho tshuab los tig lub rotor.

Thaum lub rotor tig, nws tsim ib lub teb sib nqus uas tig mus los uas cuam tshuam nrog cov stator windings. Qhov kev cuam tshuam no ua rau muaj hluav taws xob hloov pauv (AC) hauv cov stator windings, uas tom qab ntawd muab rau lub zog hluav taws xob. Qhov zaus ntawm AC tsim tawm nyob ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub rotor thiab tus lej ntawm cov ncej sib nqus.

Cov generators muaj peev xwm muab faib ua ntau hom raws li lawv txoj kev tsim kho, txoj kev txhawb zog, thiab cov zis waveform. Ob hom tseem ceeb yog synchronous generators thiab asynchronous generators (tseem hu ua induction generators). Synchronous generators muaj lub rotor nrog lub teb magnetic ruaj khov thiab tsim cov zis zaus tas li, thaum asynchronous generators vam khom cov ntsiab cai ntawm induction thiab tsim cov zis zaus hloov pauv.

Cov tshuab hluav taws xob siv rau ntau yam kev siv, suav nrog cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, cov tshuab hluav taws xob thaub qab, cov tshuab hluav taws xob nqa tau, thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab xws li cov cua tshuab thiab cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydroelectric. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim thiab muab hluav taws xob kom tau raws li qhov xav tau hluav taws xob ntawm cov lag luam, tsev neeg, thiab cov khoom siv hauv paus.

Qhov Txawv Tseem Ceeb Ntawm Transformers thiab Generators

Thawj Txoj Haujlwm

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov transformers yog xa lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm ob lub voj voog thaum hloov qib voltage. Transformers nce lossis nqis AC voltage yam tsis hloov qhov zaus.

Qhov sib txawv, cov generators hloov lub zog tshuab mus ua lub zog hluav taws xob, tsim cov zog AC lossis DC ntawm qhov voltage thiab zaus tshwj xeeb.

cheebtsam

Cov transformers muaj ob lossis ntau lub kauj ntawm cov hlau rwb thaiv tsev (cov xov hlau thawj thiab cov xov hlau thib ob) qhwv ib puag ncig lub hlau laminated. Lub hauv paus muab txoj hauv kev sib nqus rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov xov hlau.

Cov generators, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj ib lub rotor (qhov sib hloov) thiab ib lub stator (qhov sib txuas ruaj khov). Lub rotor muaj cov hlau nplaum tas mus li lossis cov hlau nplaum hluav taws xob, thaum lub stator muaj cov armature windings.

Kev hloov hluav taws xob

Cov transformers tsis hloov lub zog ntawm ib daim mus rau lwm daim. Hloov chaw, lawv hloov lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov voj voog siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuab hluav taws xob hloov lub zog tshuab (feem ntau los ntawm lub tshuab txav mus los zoo li lub turbine) mus rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob electromagnetic induction.

Ntsiab Cai ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm

Cov transformers ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Thaum lub zog hloov pauv ntws los ntawm lub winding thawj zaug, nws tsim lub zog sib nqus hloov pauv hauv lub plawv. Lub zog sib nqus no ua rau muaj lub zog electromotive (EMF) hauv lub winding thib ob, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob.

Cov generators ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electromagnetic induction, qhov twg qhov kev txav mus los ntawm lub zog sib nqus thiab tus neeg xyuas pib ua rau muaj EMF hauv tus neeg xyuas pib, tsim hluav taws xob.

Tawm tswv yim / tso zis

Cov tswv yim thiab cov zis ntawm cov transformers yog ob qho tib si lub zog hluav taws xob, nrog rau qhov nkag yog thawj qhov hluav taws xob thiab tam sim no, thiab cov zis yog qhov hluav taws xob thib ob thiab tam sim no. Qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob nyob ntawm qhov tig piv ntawm cov windings.

Cov tshuab hluav taws xob, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj lub zog tshuab ua lawv cov tswv yim (feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev txav mus los) thiab lub zog hluav taws xob ua lawv cov zis, nrog rau qhov voltage thiab zaus txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tsim thiab qhov ceev ntawm lub rotor.

hom

Cov transformers muaj ntau hom, xws li cov transformers fais fab , cov transformers faib khoom, cov transformers ntsuas, thiab cov transformers cais tawm. Lawv tuaj yeem yog ib theem lossis peb theem, thiab muaj ntau txoj kev txias sib txawv xws li cua txias lossis roj-immersed.

Cov tshuab hluav taws xob kuj muaj ntau hom, suav nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob sib dhos, cov tshuab hluav taws xob induction, thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob hlau nplaum tas mus li. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob AC lossis DC thiab raug tsav los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv tseem ceeb xws li cov turbine ua pa, cov turbine roj, lossis cov turbine hydroelectric.

daim ntawv sau npe

Cov transformers siv dav hauv kev xa hluav taws xob thiab kev faib hluav taws xob los hloov cov theem voltage rau kev xa hluav taws xob mus deb thiab kev faib khoom nyab xeeb rau cov neeg siv kawg. Lawv kuj siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov voj voog cais tawm, thiab cov txheej txheem ntsuas.

Cov tshuab hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, nrog rau hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob thaub qab, cov tshuab hluav taws xob nqa tau, thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab xws li cov cua tshuab thiab cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydroelectric. Lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim hluav taws xob uas muab hluav taws xob rau cov tsev, cov lag luam, thiab cov lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.